The complicated question of the Rusyn territory south of the Carpathians was researched by several persons:

Ivan Filevich (1856-1913), "Ocherk karpatskoi territorii i naseleniia" [Description of Carpathian Territory and Population], Zhurnal Ministerstva Narodnovo Prosveshcheniia, CCXCVIII and CCXCIX (St. Petersburg, 1895), p.361-385 and 156-218;

Lubor Niederle (1865-1944), Národopisná mapa uherskyh Slovákù, na zaklade sèitani lidu z roku 1910, [Ethnographic Map of Ugro Slovaks, According to the Census of 1910], Prague, 1903;

Aleksei Petrov (1859-1932), Ob etnografichnoi granitse Russkogo Naroda v Avstro-Ugriy [Concerning the Ethnographical Border Line of Russian Nation in Austria-Hungary], St. Petersburg, 1915 and also his:
Karpatoruske pomistni nazvy z pol.XIX a z poè. XX st., [Carpatho-Rusyn Boundary Marks from the Half of the Nineteenth Century and the Beginning of the Twentieth Century], Prague, 1929;
Jan Húsek (1884-1973), Národopisná hranice mezi Slováky a Karpatorusy [Ethnographical Border-Line Between Slovaks and Carpatho-Rusyns], Bratislava, 1925.

Statistics, settlement, and toponomy of the Lemko Region (before the 1947 forcible resettlement) could be traced in:

Alfons Krysinski, "Liczba i rozmieszczenie Ukrainców w Polsce" [Population and Settlement of Ukrainians in Poland], in: Sprawy Narodowooeciowe, II, 6 (Warsaw, 1928), p.1-58, and also his:
"Ludnooeæ ukrainska (ruska) w Polsce w oewietle spisu 1931 r." [Ukrainian (Rusyn) Population in Poland According to the Census of 1931], in: ibid., XI, 6 (Warsaw, 1937), p.567-591;
Roman Reinfuss (b.1910), "£emkowie jako grupa etnograficzna" [Lemkos as an Ethnographic Group], in: Prace i Materialy Etnograficzne, VII, Lublin, 1948, p.77-210;

Zdzislaw Stieber (1903-1980), Toponomastyka £emkowszczyzny [Toponomy of the Lemko Region], vol.1-2, £ódY, 1948-49.

On the present day statistics and settlement of Rusyns in the whole Carpathian homeland, as well as in other parts of countries, where they live see:

Mykhailo Marunchak (b.1914), Ukraintsi v Rumunii, Chekho-Slovachchyni, Pol'shchi, IUgoslavii [Ukrainians in Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia], Winnipeg, 1969.

Along with several Soviet, Polish, Czech, and Slovak travelogues and descriptive analyses, there are interesting and rare English language publications:

Menie Muriel Dowie (1867-1945), A Girl in the Carpathians, London 1892;

Lion Phillimore, In the Carpathians, London 1912;

Henry Baerlein (1875-1960), Over the Hills of Ruthenia, London, 1923;

Alexander Rossmann, "A Journey in Ruthenia", in: Contemporary Review, CXXXVI (London, 1929), p.638-644;

Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971) and Erskine Caldwell (1903-1987), North of Danube, New York, 1939;

J.B. Heisler, J.E. Mellon, Under the Carpathians, Home of a Forgotten People, London, 1946;

In this article I have provided only isolated examples from the collection. Due to space considerations the classifications: Physical Geography, Geology and Economy of the region have not been discussed. The economical interest in the region, however, should be at least mentioned. New York city branch of The Institute For East-West Studies has been over the last few of years successfully promoting and helping in creating the Carpathian Euroregion. Covering Carpathian border parts of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine, this project is already helping in economic, cultural and environmental development of the Eastern Carpathians.

Complementary resources on Carpatho-Rusyns can be found in the New York Metropolitan Area among others in the libraries of: St.Vladimir's Orthodox Seminary in Crestwood, NY and the Byzantine Episcopal And Heritage Institute Museum, West Paterson, NJ