The population of the Lemko Region on the eve of World War II included approximately 178,000 Lemkos in 303 mostly-Lemko villages6 and a small number of mixed Polish and Lemko villages. The population density in 1939 was 55 per square kilometer. Fifteen percent of the population was urban, although the city of Sanok and the largest towns, Nowy Sacz, Gorlice, Zmigrod, Dukla and Rymanow, were mostly Polish and Jewish.