Carpatho-Rusyn Chronology

6th - 7th cent Carpathian Rus' sparsely settled by Slavic tribes know as the White Croats.
862-863 Byzantine-Greek missionaries, Cyril and Methodius, believed to bring Christianity to Rusyns south of the Carpathians on their way to Greater Moravia.
898-903 Magyar tribes cross the Carpathians and defeat the Slavic Prince Laborec' at Uzhorod (Hungvar)
899 Creation of the eparchy of Przemsyl, perhaps by the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, which brought Christianity to the Lemko Region.
992 Kievan Rus' principality of Galicia begins to expand its influence over the eastern part of the Lemko Region.
1030's-1050's Hungarian Kingdom begins to establish its authority over the Rusyn inhabited region south of the Carpathians.
1340's Galicia and the eastern Lemko Region incorporated into the kingdom of Poland
1396 Prince Fedir Korjatovyc of Podolia settles in Mukacevo and later establishes the Orthodox Monastery of St. Nicholas on Monk's Hill.
Ca. 1440 First Orthodox bishops for Carpatho-Rusyns begin to reign from Mukacevo.
1595 Union of Brest creates the Uniate church in Poland, including the Lemko Region.
1646 Union of Uzhorod creates the Uniate church in Hungary, including Subcarpathian Rus' and the Presov Region.
1692 Orthodox Eparchy of Przemysl joins the church union with Rome.
1698-1699 Appearance of the first printed books for Carpatho-Rusyns; the Primer (Bukvar) and Cathecism (Katychyzis) of Bishop Joseph de Camillis.
1703-1711 Carpatho-Rusyns join the unsuccessful rebellion of the Hungarian Prince of Transylvania and lord of Mukacevo, Ferenc Rakoczi II, against the Austrian Habsburg rule
1733 The last Orthodox bishop of Maramaros county dies and the remaining Orthodox parishes in Subcarpathian Rus' join the church union with Rome.
1745 The first Carpatho-Rusyns move to the Backa(Vojvodina) region and settle in Ruski Kerestur.
1771 Creation of an independent Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukacevo, whose seat is moved to Uzhorod in 1780.
1772 The Austrian Habsburg Empire annexes Galicia (including the Lemko Region) from Poland.
1777 Creation of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Krizevci.
1778 Establishment of the Greek Catholic Theological Seminary in Uzhorod during the "golden age" of Bishop Andrij Bacyns'kyj.
1818 Creation of the Greek Catholic Eparchy or Presov.
1830 Publication of the first grammar of the Carpatho-Rusyn language by Mychal Luckaj.
1847 Publication of the first school primer of the Carpatho-Rusyn language by Aleksander Duchnovyc.
1848 Serfdom abolished among Carpatho-Rusyns and other peoples in the Austrian Habsburg Empire.
1849-1850 Creation of the Uzhorod military district in Hungary with an administration staffed mostly by Carpatho-Rusyns.
1850 Establishment of the first cultural organization for Carpatho-Rusyns, the Presov Literary Society headed by Aleksander Duchnovyc.
1867 Appearance of the first Carpatho-Rusyn newspaper published in the homeland, Svit (Uzhorod).
1872 First railroad lines cross Carpatho-Rusyn territory: Uzhorod connected to rest of Hungary; the L'viv-Budapest line crosses the Lupkiv pass.
1880's The beginning of massive immigration to the United States, continues to World War I.
1891 Father Alexis Toth of Minneapolis joins his Greek Catholic parish with the Russian Orthodox Church and begins "the return to Orthodoxy" movement in the United States. In 1994 he is consecrated as St. Alexis by the Orthodox Church in America.
1892 Establishment of the oldest Rusyn organization in the United States, the Greek Catholic Union, and its newspaper, the Amerikansky russky viestnik.
1897 Earliest institute for Lemkos, Rusyn Boarding School (Ruska Bursa), opened in Nowy Sacz.
1906 Appearance of the first book in the Vojvodinian-Rusyn language, a book of poems by Gabor Kostel'nik.
1911 Appearance of the first Lemko-Rusyn newspaper, Lemko (Nowy Sacz).
1914 World War I breaks out in August; by October, the Lemko Region is occupied by tsarist Russian troops.
1914-1915 Deportation of almost the entire Lemko-Rusyn intelligentsia by Austrian authorities to the Talerhof concentration camp near Graz.
1916 Vatican creates separate administration for Greek Catholics from the Hungarian Kingdom in the United States.
1917 May League for the Liberation of Carpatho-Russia established in New York City.
1918 July 23 American National Council of Uhro-Rusyns established in Homestead, Pennsylvania.
1918 Oct. 31 Austria-Hungary collapses; republic established in the Hungarian empire.
1918 Nov. Several national councils form during the next three months throughout Carpathian-Rus' and call for unification with either Hungary, Russia, Czechoslovakia, or Ukraine.
1918 Nov. 12 American National Council of Uhro-Rusyns call for unification of Carpathian-Rus' with Czechoslovakia.
1918 Nov. 24 Rusyns in the Backa (Vojvodina) join a Serb-dominated national congress at Novi Sad and declare their unity with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (Yugoslavia).
1918 Dec. 5 Lemko-Rusyn Republic proclaimed in Florynka, headed by Jaroslav Kacmarcyk; lasts until March 1920.
1918 Dec. 21 Hungarian republic creates the autonomous region of Rus'ka Krajina with its seat in Mukacevo, headed by Oreszt Szabo.
1919 May 8 Central Rusyn National Council in Uzhorod votes to unite Carpatho-Rusyn lands with Czechoslovakia.
1919 July 2 Establishment of the first cultural organization for the Vojvodinian Rusyns, the Rusyn National Education Society.
1919 Sept. 10 Treaty of St. Germain recognizes unification of Rusyns south of the Carpathians with Czechoslovakia with guarantees for the "widest possible autonomy".
1919 October Establishment of the first University department of Rusyn studies, the Chair of Rusyn Language and Literature at the University of Budapest.
1920 The Rusyn American Gregory Zatkovyc appointed first governor of Subcarpathian Rus'.
1923 Publication of the first grammar in the Backa (Vojvodinian)-Rusyn language by Gabor Kostel'nik.
1924 Creation of the Pittsburgh Ruthenian Greek Catholic Exarchate in the United States.
1929 January Establishment of the Lemko Association of the United States and Canada, in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
1929 February Vatican decree, Cum Data Fuerit, on celibacy and church property causes internal revolt among Greek/Byzantine Catholics in the United States.
1929 Appearance of the first Vojvodinian-Rusyn newspaper, Ruski novini (Novi Sad)
1931 Orthodox Eparchy of Mukacevo-Presov established under the jurisdiction of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
1933 Establishment of the first civic organization for Lemkos in Poland, the Lemko Association (Sojuz).
1934 Lemko Apostolic Administration created for Greek Catholics in the Lemko Region; publication of the first Lemko-Rusyn elementary schoolbooks by Metodij Trochanovskij.
1938 Sept. 19 Creation of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church (Johnstown Diocese).
1938 Oct. 11 First autonomous government of Subcarpathian Rus' is created, headed by Andrej Brodij.
1938 Oct. 26 Second Subcarpathian autonomous government created, headed by Avhustyn Volosyn; in November, province renamed Carpatho-Ukraine.
1939 On March 15, Carpatho-Ukraine declares its independence; it is immediately invaded and annexed to Hungary.
1941 Establishment of the first scholarly organization for Carpatho-Rusyns, the Subcarpathian Scientific Society in Uzhorod.
1944 Apr-May Over 100,000 Jews deported from Subcarpathian Rus' to Nazi German death camps.
1944 Sept.-Oct Soviet Army drives Germans and Hungarians out of Subcarpathian Rus'
1944 Nov. 26 National Council meets in Mukacevo and calls for unification of Subcarpathian Rus' (Transcarpathian Ukraine) with the Soviet Union.
1944 Dec. Orthodox Eparchy of Mukacevo accepted into the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).
1945 March Ukrainian National Council established to represent the political interests of Carpatho-Rusyns in the Presov Region (Slovakia).
1945 June 29 Czechoslovakia ceded Subcarpathian Rus' to the Soviet Union.
1945-1946 Nearly 150,000 Lemko Rusyns and 12,000 Presov Region Rusyns forcibly and voluntarily emigrate to the Soviet Ukraine (Ternopil Region).
1947 In April and May, nearly 35,000 Lemko-Rusyns deported forcibly to western Poland (Silesia) and northern Poland as part of the Vistula Operation.
1949 On August 28, the Greek Catholic Church is abolished by the Soviet Authorities in Transcarpathia/Subcarpathian Rus'.
1952 Ukrainian nationality policy implemented in the Presov Region by a decree of the Slovak Communist party; Cultura; Union of Ukrainian Workers (KSUT) established.
1956 Ukrainian Socio-Cultural Society (UKST) established in Poland, the only legal organization in which Lemko Rusyns are allowed to preserve their heritage.
1968 Greek Catholic Church restored in Czechoslovakia in June; attempts to restore other Rusyn institutions aborted in the aftermath of the Soviet led invasion on August 21.
1974 Vojvodina region receives wide-ranging autonomy within Yugoslavia; Rusyns are designated on of the regions five official nationalities.
1978 Carpatho-Rusyn Research Center established in the United States
1983 The first Lemko-Rusyn cultural festival (Vatra) held in Czarna, Poland, the Rusin Association of Minnesota is established.
1989 April The Lemko Association is established for Lemko-Rusyns in Poland.
1989 Sept. Legal status restored to the Greek Catholic Church in Soviet Transcarpathia.
1989 Nov. 17 The end of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia; one week later Rusyns in the Presov Region create an initiative group for political and cultural change.
1990 February The Society of Carpatho-Rusyns is established for Rusyns in Subcarpathian Rus' (Transcarpathia).
1990 March The Rusyn Renaissance Society is established for Rusyns in Slovakia.
1990 October The Society of Friends of Subcarpathian Rus' is established for the Czech Republic.
1990 Dec. The Rusyn Matka Society is established for Vojvodinian Rusyns in Yugoslavia.
1991 March The first World Congress of Rusyns held in Medziloaborce, Slovakia.
1991 Dec. 1 Independence of Ukraine confirmed; over 78 percent of the inhabitants of Transcarpathia vote in favor of autonomy for their region.
1992 May The Organization of Rusyns in Hungary is established.
1992 Nov. The first Rusyn Language Congress is held in Bardejovske Kupele, Slovakia.
1993 January The Institute of Rusyn Language and Culture established in Presov, Slovakia.
1993 May The second World Congress of Rusyns is held in Krynica, Poland; a provisional government for an autonomous republic of Subcarpathian Rus' is formed in Uzhorod.
1995 January Rusyn literary language for Slovakia is codified and proclaimed before government, state and academic officials in Bratislava

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